Liminerale

Litaba

• Liminerale tse bolokiloeng
• Liminerale tse ling li teng ka tlhaho
• E ka u sebeletsa
• Mefuta ea liminerale
• Matlotlo

The limineraleKe lintho tse sa tloaelehang tsa lik'hemik'hale tse hlalositsoeng, tse fumanehang mefuteng e fapaneng ea mafika a hlahisoang ke ts'ebetso ea ho putlama ha lefatše.

Le ha liminerale tse ling li entsoe ka ntho e le 'ngoe (liminerale tsa tlhaho), boholo ba tsona bo entsoe ho tloha liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale e etsahetseng likarolong tsa pele tsa mobu oa lefats'e khale mme li kenyelletsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale.

Liminerale tse kholo li tsamaellana le malapa a lik'hemik'hale a sulfide, sulfates le sulfosalts; hape ke liminerale tse fapaneng tse tloaelehileng oxides, carbonates, nitrate, borates, phosphates le silicates.

Palo ea likhetho tse ka etsahalang tsa likarolo tsa lik'hemik'hale e hlolla haholo ebile e hlalosa karolo e kholo ea libopeho, mebala, boholo le litsoako e hlahisoang ke liminerale. Boemo ba leholimo le leholimo bo ile ba susumetsa lits'ebetso tsena tsa sebopeho.

E ka u sebeletsa:

• Mehlala ea Li-Rock tsa Igneous
• Mehlala ea Letsoai la Liminerale

Liminerale tse bolokiloeng

The liminerale tse bolokiloeng ke matamo a tlhaho a likarolo tsena ao sechaba sa sejoale-joale se tlamehang ho fihlela litlhoko tse holang tsa indasteri.

Ho fihlella liminerale, ho hlokahala hore meepo, ke hore, liliba tse emeng tse kenang li le likoranteng tse tshekaletseng.

Tsena li hasana ho latela mafika u batla ho sebelisa hampe, empa hape u ka etsa meepo e bulehileng ea likoti, haeba liminerale li le holimo.

The meepo ke kotsi e kholo mosebetsing ka lebaka la menyetla ea likotsi hape e sa pheleng hantle, ka lebaka la takatso ea lintho tse halefisang karolo ea phefumoloho.

Ka mohlala, ho thathamisitsoe liminerale tse mashome a mabeli tse latelang:

1. chalcopyrite: e 'mala o mosehla, boholo ba nako e fumanoa ka sebopeho se seholo. Hoo e ka bang likarolo tse peli ho tse tharo tsa boima ba eona bo lekana le tšepe le koporo, ka hona chalcopyrite e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea indasteri. Maemong a mang u ka ba le khauta le silevera, ka hona thahasello ea eona ea eketseha.
2. azurite: ke diminerale e bonolo e nang le 'mala o moputsoa, ​​e amanang le malachite, hangata e koahela liminerale tse fapaneng tse teng karolong e holimo ea li-depositi. E sebelisoa e le lejoe la mekhabiso hape e le mmala o khanyang.
3. malachite: e ntšitsoe lejoeng le bonolo leo lipolokelo tsa lona tsa mantlha li leng Zaire kajeno. E sebelisoa hangata mabenyane, leha thepa ea kalafo le eona e boleloa ka eona.
4. magnetite: e fumanoang mefuteng e fapaneng ea majoe a igneous kapa metamorphic, ke diminerale ea tšepe. E brittle ebile e thata, 'me e tsitsitse haholo maemong a phahameng a leholimo, e e etsang setšireletso se setle bakeng sa methapo ea litanka. Ts'ebeliso ea indasteri e atoloha ho aha, moo e sebelisetsoang konkreite.
5. khauta ea naha: tshepe ea bohlokoa e sebelisitsoeng haholo mabenyane le litei tsa khauta, hape e sebelisoa ho elektroniki, bongaka ba meno le bonono ba polasetiki. Theko ea eona e phahameng e hokahane le khaello le mathata a ho e fumana, sena se fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea eona.
6. aragonite: ka mebala e mengata, e fumanoa methapong ea hydrothermal, hangata maemong a mocheso o tlase. Mefuta e meng e sebelisoa e le majoe a mekhabiso.
7. siderite: e thehiloe libakeng tse mongobo tse ruileng ka lintho tse phelang, e na le 'mala o pakeng tsa bosootho bo bosehla le botala bo botala. Bohlokoa ba eona ba mantlha bo ho qotsitsoeng ha tšepe, ke ka lebaka leo e hlahang e le sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa indastering ea tšepe.
8. bauxite: lefika le qapiloeng haholo-holo ka alumina. Ka kakaretso e bonolo ebile e bobebe, e bonolo ebile e tšoana le letsopa. E sebelisoa e le lihlahisoa tse tala ho fumana aluminium, e leng se e etsang ea bohlokoa, kaha aluminium e bohlokoa liindastering tse fapaneng.
9. cerussite: e tla ka mebala pakeng tsa e tšoeu, e putsoa kapa e ntšo, leha e ka ba e se na 'mala. E amahanngoa le liminerale tsa mantlha tse kang galena le sphalerite, e emela mohloli oa bohlokoa oa ho fumana tataiso.
10. pyrite: diminerale e ts'oanang le khauta, e sebelisetsoang ho fumana acid e sulfuric. Ho tšoana ha tsona le khauta e bile mohloli oa thetso, leha mahlo a koetlisitsoeng e le lirafshoa tse peli tse khetholloang.
11. rhodochrosite: diminerale e entsoe haholo ka magnesium carbonate, e khubelu ho ea pinki, e bonaletsang hanyane. E teng Argentina, United States le Russia, 'me e sebelisoa ho tloha mabenyane ho ea ho liemahale.
12. quartz: ha e na mmala boemong ba eona bo hloekileng, empa e khona ho amohela mebala e fapaneng ha e kopantsoe. E na le thepa ea piezoelectric (e arabela liketsong tsa mochini ka ho fehla motlakase), e sebelisetsoang ho qala lisebelisoa. Ke liminerale tse ngata ka ho fetisisa lefats'eng, 'me li-depositi tsa Brazil ke tsona tse sebelisoang hampe ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara.
13. feldspars: liminerale tse thata le tse ngata, mamella mocheso o phahameng (o fetang 900 ° C). Ba sebelitse bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea mafura, le indastering ea khalase le ea letsopa.
14. mica e ntšo: e etsang 3.8% ea lefatše, e na le litšobotsi tse kang ho hanyetsa mocheso le metsi, e etsang hore e be liminerale tsa mantlha bakeng sa indasteri. Likoloi tsa motlakase li entsoe ka mica, e qhibilihang feela maemong a phahameng ho feta 1200 ° C.
15. mohloaare: hangata e tala ka mmala, leha maemong a mang e sena mmala. E thata-thata 'me e fumanoa ka lejoe la mokoetla la dolomitic la metamorphosed dolomitic. Mafika a nang le eona a sebelisetsoa ho etsa thepa e benyang, 'me mefuta ea eona e hlakileng e batloa joalo ka mahakoe a boleng.
16. calcite: karolo e ka sehloohong ea 'mabole le lihlopha tse ling tse joalo. E sebelisetsoa ho ntša litšila tse siliceous 'me e sebelisoa indastering ea mahlo. E ka ba le mebala e fapaneng.
17. lahla: e ntšoa likoting tse bulehileng kapa ka tlas'a lefatše, ka kakaretso, ka mesebetsi e hlokang matla a mangata. Serafshoa sena se sebelisoa hangata, empa ntle le pelaelo se seholo ke ho kopanya motsoako o sebelisoang indastering ea kaho.
18. sebabole: karolo e bosehla e seng ea tšepe. E na le matla a maholo a ho tuka ebile e qhibiliha ka metsing ka mefuta eohle ea eona. Ke karolo ea mesebetsi e mengata ea batho.
19. borax: kristale e tšoeu e qhibilihang habonolo ka metsing. E fumanoa ka lisepa le meriana e bolaeang likokonyana, mabenyane a ho qhekella khauta le silevera, le indastering ea likhalase le lehong.
20. letsoai: libaka tse kholo tsa Amerika Boroa li koahetsoe ke lifolete tsa letsoai tse nang le matsoai a fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa sodium chloride, eo letsoai la tafole le entsoeng ka eona.

Liminerale tse ling li teng ka tlhaho

E ka u sebeletsa

• Mehlala ea Li-Rock tsa Igneous
• Mehlala ea Khoebo e Boima
• Mehlala ea Letsoai la Liminerale

Mefuta ea liminerale

Liminerale li ka ba le sebopeho se hlophisitsoeng sa microscopic, ho latela mokhoa o tsitsitseng, kapa ho se hlophisehe, ntle le sebopeho kapa tlhophiso e nepahetseng.

Ba pele ba bitsoa liminerale tsa kristale, Tsena li etsa mefuta ea jiometri joalo ka li-cubes, prism, liphiramide le tse ling. Tse 'maloa tsa seo ho thoeng ke majoe a bohlokoa, a sebelisitsoeng mabenyane, li teng moo. Metsotsoana ke liminerale tsa amorphous.

Hape, ho na le metale oa tšepe le oo e seng oa tšepe. Ho tsoa ho tsa pele, ho ka fumanoa lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa indasteri, joaloka tšepe, koporo kapa loto; tse morao li boetse li bitsoa liminerale petrogenetics, hobane li amahanngoa le liminerale tse ling tse etsang majoe, hape li na le lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa, haholoholo bakeng sa ntlafatso ea lisebelisoa tsa kaho, joalo ka kalaka kapa samente.

Matlotlo

Thepa ea liminerale e bohlokoa molemong oa ts'ebeliso ea eona. Hangata tsena li arotsoe ka mefuta e meraro: jiometri, 'meleng le lik'hemik'hale.

Tseo maemo a tsona a sebelisang boholo ba tsona ke thepa ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale, tse kenyelletsang litšobotsi tsa mochini tse kang ho thatafala kapa ho ba thata; optical joaloka refringence le motlakase oa motlakase joaloka ho tsamaisa le khoheli a khoheli. Symmetry kapa khanya le eona e ka khahla.