Litaba
Asiti e nkuoa e le ntho efe kapa efe eo, ha e khaohanngoa le tharollo ea metsi, e hlahisang li-ion tsa hydrogen (H+) 'Me e sebetsa ka limolek'hule tsa metsi ho hlahisa li-ion tsa hydronium (H3KAPA+). Li-acid li theoa ka ho kopanya okside le metsi, 'me ka lebaka leo tharollo e hlahisoang e fumana acid e pH, ke hore, e ka tlase ho 7.
Libaka, ka lehlakoreng le leng, li thehoa ka metsoako e nang le tharollo ea metsi e lokollang li-ion hydroxyl (OH '') le ho etsa hore pH ea tharollo e fete pH 7.
Nalane
Mokhoa ona oa ho hlalosa liasiti le metheo ke oa khale ka ho fetesisa ebile ke karolo ea khopolo ea Arrhenius, e qalileng ho tloha qetellong ea lekholo la leshome la metso e robong la lilemo. Lilemo tse 'maloa hamorao, Brönsted le Lowry ba ile ba hlalosa liasiti e le lintho tse ka fanang ka proton (H+) le metheo e joalo ka e ka amohelang proton (H+) e fanoang ke asiti. E se e kene lekholong la mashome a mabeli la lilemo, Lewis ikemiselitse hore asiti ke ntho e khonang ho arolelana kapa ho amohela lielektrone tse peli, ha setsi se ka arolelana kapa sa fana ka lielektrone tse peli.
Litšobotsi
Hangata acid e bolila ebile ea senya; metheo le eona ea senya, ka tatso e bohloko le ho ts'oaroa ka sesepa. Tloaelo ea asiti ea ho ikarola le ho theola pH hangata e bitsoa "matla a asiti." Ke mehlala ea acid tse matla perchloric, sulfuric, hydroiodic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric le nitric.
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, li ka nkuoa joalo ka metheo e matla potasiamo, sodium, lithium le magnesium hydroxide. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-acid, citric le benzoic acid ke li-acid tse fokolang; ammonia ke setsi se fokolang.
Letsoai le thehoa joang?
The oa tsoa ke metsoako ea ionic ea ho rarahana ho fapaneng, e ngata ka tlhaho mme li thehoa ka ho kopanya li-acid le metheo, e leng ho hlahisang metsi. Letsoai le ka ba lehlakore, le le asiti kapa la mantlha. Nakong ea pele, liathomo tsohle tsa haedrojene tse acid li nkeloe sebaka ke tšepe ea tšepe. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, matsoai a nang le asiti a baballa athomo e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta ea haedrojene.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, matsoai a ka ba joalo habeli kapa hararo haeba li na le cation e fetang e le 'ngoe kapa li-anion tse fetang e le' ngoe. Mohlala, calcium potasiamo fluoride ke letsoai le habeli le sa nke lehlakore (CaKF3), hobane e na le cations tse peli tse fapaneng. Kamora nako, ho bohlokoa ho bua ka matsoai a mantlha, moo bonyane anion e le anion ea hydroxide, joalo ka mohlala, koporo ea chloride trihydroxide (Cu2Cl (OH)3).
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ba tsejoa e le letsoai la ternary kapa tsa thuto e phahameng ho tse fumanoang ka ho kopanya tšepe le radical, joalo ka sulfate, carbonate kapa dichromate, hape le matsoai a quaternary ammonium ho ao ho ona liathomo tsohle tsa haedrojene tsa ammonium li nkeloeng sebaka ke li-radicals, joalo ka tabeng ea tetramethylammonium chloride .
Tsamaiso le bohlokoa
The acid Li bohlokoa haholo indastering le tlhahong. Mohlala, hydrochloric acid ke karolo ea tsamaiso ea rona ea tšilo ea lijo 'me ho hlokahala hore re senye metsoako ea phepo e teng lijong. Deoxyribonucleic acid, e tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa e le DNA, e etsa li-chromosome, e leng moo tlhaiso-leseling ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e hlokahalang bakeng sa hore lintho tse phelang li ngatafale le ho nts'etsapele e kenyellelitsoeng. Asiti ea Boric ke karolo e hlahelletseng indastering ea khalase.
The khalsiamo carbonate Ke letsoai le lengata haholo mefuteng e fapaneng ea majoe a lejoe la mokoetla. Ka liketso tsa mocheso o phahameng (900 ° C), calcium carbonate e fumanoa ka calcium oxide kapa quicklime. Ho eketsa metsi nakong e potlakileng ho hlahisa calcium hydroxide, e bitsoang slaked lime, e leng setsi. Lisebelisoa tsena li sebelisoa ho aheng.
