Metsoako ea Organic le Inorganic

Litaba

• Mehlala ea metsoako ea manyolo
• Mehlala ea metsoako e sa sebetseng

The metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale ke lintho tse entsoeng ka tse peli kapa ho feta likarolo tse amanang le tse ling, ka hona tsa hlahisa ntho e ncha le e fapaneng ka ho felletseng. Ho latela mofuta oa liathomo tse etsang metsoako ena, re ka bua ka metsoako ea manyolo le e sa tloaelehang:

E reiloe lebitso metsoako ea manyolo tse nang le liathomo tsa khabone le hydrogen haholo, ka khokahano le sebopeho sa tsona le likarolo tse ling. Bochabela mofuta oa metsoako ba le litlamo tse kopaneng (lipakeng tsa liathomo tseo e seng tsa tšepe) tsa likarolo tse 'maloa (ho tloha ho tse peli ho isa ho tse hlano)' me li rarahane haholo, li le teng ka har'a metsoako e limilione tse 10 tsa mofuta ona. Li hlahisa bophelo 'me li patiloe ke libopuoa.

The metsoako e sa sebetseng, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha se hangata li nang le liathomo tsa khabone, leha e le ha hydrogen-carbon bond (e tloaelehileng ea li-hydrocarbon), 'Me liathomo tsa tsona li ka hokahanngoa ke litlamo tsa ionic (metallic le non-metallic atom) kapa covalent. Na dintho e ka ba le likarolo tse ngata ho tsoa mohloling ofe kapa ofe tafoleng ea periodic mme li batsamaisi ba motlakase ba hantle.

Mehlala ea metsoako ea manyolo

1. Methanol (CH₃OH). E tsejoa e le lehong kapa joala ba methyl, joala bo bonolo ka ho fetisisa bo teng.
2. Propanone (C.₃H₆KAPA). E tloaelehileng ea solvent acetone, e ka chang le e hlakileng, e nang le monko o ikhethang.
3. Mofuta oa Acetylene (C.₂H₂). E boetse e bitsoa ethyne, ke khase e bobebe ea alkyne ho feta moea ebile ha e na mmala, e ka chesa habonolo.
4. Ethanoate ea boitšoaro (CH₃-COO-C₂H₅). E boetse e tsejoa e le ethyl acetate kapa asene ether, e sebelisoang e le solvent.
5. Mofuta (CH₂0). E sebelisoa e le ntho e bolokang lintho tse phelang (disampole, litopo), e tsejoa e le methanal kapa formaldehyde.
6. Glycerin (C.₃H₈KAPA₃). Glycerol kapa propanetriol, ke sehlahisoa se mahareng sa belisoa Ho sebetsana le joala le ho sila lijo ha lipids.
7. Tsoekere (C₆H₁₂KAPA₆). Setsi sa mantlha sa matla linthong tse phelang ke tsoekere ea monosaccharide.
8. Ethanol (C.₂H₆KAPA). Joala ba ethyl, bo teng ka lino tse tahang, phello ea ho belisoa ha anaerobic ea tsoekere e nang le tomoso.
9. Isopropanol (C.₃H₈KAPA). Isopropyl alcohol, e leng isomer ea propanol, e fetoha acetone holim'a oxidation.
10. Acetylsalicylic acid (C.₉H₈KAPA₄). Motsoako o sebetsang oa aspirin: analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory.
11. Sucrose (C.₁₂H₂₂KAPA₁₁). E tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ea lik'habohaedreite: tafole tsoekere.
12. Fructose (C.₆H₁₂KAPA₆). Litholoana tsa tsoekere li boloka kamano ea isomeric le tsoekere.
13. Cellulose (C₆H₁₀KAPA₅). Motsoako o moholo oa limela, e sebetsa joalo ka sebopeho leboteng la lisele tsa limela le polokelo ea matla.
14. Nitroglycerin (C.₃H₅N₃KAPA₉). Ho phatloha ho matla, ho fumanoa ka ho kopanya acid e nang le metsi a mangata, sulfuric acid le glycerin.
15. Lactic acid (C.₃H₆KAPA₃). E bohlokoa molemong oa ho matlafatsa 'mele oa motho ha o tobane le maemo a tlase a oksijene, tlhahiso ea tsoekere ka ho belisoa ha lactic.
16. Benzocaine (C.₉H₁₁Che₂). E sebelisoa e le moriana o thethefatsang kutlo ea lehae, leha ts'ebeliso ea eona ho masea e na le litlamorao tsa chefo e phahameng.
17. Lidocaine (C.₁₄H₂₂N₂KAPA). Mokhoa o mong oa ho thethefatsa bohloko, o sebelisoang haholo ho lingaka tsa meno ebile e le antiarrhythmic.
18. Lactose (C.₁₂H₂₂KAPA₁₁). E entsoe ka galactose le tsoekere, ke tsoekere e fang lebese la liphoofolo matla a lona.
19. K'hok'heine (C.₁₇H₂₁Che₄). Alkaloid e matla e tsoang semeleng sa coca mme e hlophisitsoe ho hlahisa sethethefatsi se seng molaong sa lebitso le le leng.
20. Ascorbic acid (C.₆H₈KAPA₆). E tsejoa hape e le vithamine C ea bohlokoa ea litholoana tsa citrus.

E ka u sebeletsa: Mehlala ea Litšila tsa Tlhaho

Mehlala ea metsoako e sa sebetseng

1. Chloride ea Sodium (NaCl). Letsoai le tloaelehileng la lijo tsa rona.
2. Asiti ea Hydrochloric (HCl). E 'ngoe ea tse matla ka ho fetisisa acid tsejoa, ke e 'ngoe ea tse patiloeng ke mpa ho sila lijo.
3. Phosphoric acid e (H₃PO₄). Asiti e sebetsang ka metsi, e hanang ho kena moea, mouoane le phokotso, e sebelisoang indastering ea lino-mapholi.
4. Sulphuric acid (H₂SW₄). E 'ngoe ea li-corrosive tse tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa, e sebelisoa haholo mefuteng e fapaneng ea indasteri mme e hlahisoa ka bongata lefatšeng.
5. Iodide ea potasiamo (KI). Letsoai lena le sebelisoa haholo litšoantšong le kalafong ea radiation.
6. Dichromate ea potasiamo (K₂Kr₂KAPA₇). Letsoai la lamunu, le nang le oksijene e ngata, le khonang ho baka mollo ha le kopana le lintho tse lenngoeng.
7. Silver chloride (AgCl). E sebelisoa haholo ho electrochemistry le lilaboratoring, ka lebaka la ho qhibiliha ho hoholo haholo ka metsing, ke sekontiri se tiileng.
8. Ammonia (NH₃). E boetse e bitsoa azano kapa khase ea ammonium, ke khase e se nang 'mala e nang le naetrojene e nang le monko o nyonyehang haholo.
9. Sulfate ea Cuprous (Cu₂SW₄). Letsoai le sa qhibilihang, le sebelisoang e le sebolaya-likokoana-hloko le mmala bakeng sa bokaholimo ba tšepe.
10. Silicon oxide (SiO₂). E tloaelehileng e bitsoang silika, e etsa quartz le opal, mme ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa lehlabathe.
11. Tšepe sulfate (FeSO₄). E boetse e tsejoa e le vitriol e tala, melanterite kapa caparrosa e tala, ke letsoai le botala bo botala bo sebelisoang e le 'mala ebile e le kalafo ea li-anemias tse itseng.
12. K'halsiamo Carbonate (CaCO₃). Ke khale e sebelisoa e le antacid le indastering ea likhalase le samente, ke ntho e ngata haholo tlhahong, joalo ka majoe kapa likhetla le masapo a liphoofolo tse itseng.
13. Lime (CaO). Ke calcium oxide ka mofuta ofe kapa ofe, e sebelisoang haholo mefuteng ea kaho e le binder.
14. Bicarbonate ea sodium (NaHCO₃). E na le litima-mollo kapa lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa phepo le meriana, e na le pH ea alkaline haholo.
15. Potassium hydroxide (KOH). Potassium soda le ho feta, e sebelisetsoang ho etsa sesepa le lintho tse ling tse qhibilihang.
16. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). E bitsoa caustic soda kapa caustic soda, e sebelisoa pampiring, lesela le sesepa le ho tšolla liindasteri tse bulehileng.
17. Ammonium nitrate (NH₄Che₃). Manyolo a matla a temo.
18. Cobalt Silicate (CoSiO₃). E sebelisoa ha ho etsoa li-pigment (tse kang cobalt blue).
19. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄). Letsoai la Epsom kapa letsoai la Senyesemane, ha o eketsa metsi. E na le ts'ebeliso ea bongaka e mengata, haholo mesifa, kapa matsoai a hlapa.
20. Barium chloride (BaCl₂). Letsoai le nang le chefo haholo le sebelisoa ka mebala, kalafo ea tšepe le li-firework.