Litaba
- Maemo a ts'ebetso ea enzyme
- Kemiso
- Li-enzyme lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri
- Mehlala ea li-enzyme le mesebetsi ea tsona
- Lintlha tse ling?
Theli-enzyme ke liprotheine tse itšoarang joaloka li-catalysts, ke hore potlakisa liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale ntle le ho chesoa kapa ho ba karolo ea lihlahisoa tsa seo karabelo. Liketso tsohle tse etsahalang 'meleng li buelloa ke li-enzyme, ka hona ho hlakile hore li-enzyme li na le mesebetsi e fapaneng haholo linthong tse phelang.
Har'a mesebetsi ea li-enzyme ke eakgothaletsa tshilo ya dijo le ho monya dimatlafatsi, Lijong tse jeoang: li-enzyme tse silang lijo li senya protheine, lik'habohaedreite le mafura ka lintho tse fumanehang.
Ka kutloisiso ena ho thoe li-enzyme li na le thuso haholo maemong a ho ruruha ka mpeng, khase le ho sila lijo ka bongata ka kakaretso. Li boetse li hlahisa mofuta oa thibelo ea lits'ebetso tsa ho ruruha 'me u hauhele otla hlaphoheloa, hape le thuso ea ho felisa chefo le ho lumellanya sesole sa 'mele.
Maemo a ts'ebetso ea enzyme
Mosebetsi oa enzyme, leha ho le joalo, o etsoa ka ts'ebetso e fapaneng ho latela maemo a mang a ka bang teng 'meleng. Mohlala, a mohopolo o phahameng oa substrate kapa e le 'ngoe mahloriso a phahameng a enzyme sekhahla seo karabelo ea enzymatic e etsahalang ka sona sea eketseha, leha ho le joalo ho fihlela moeli o itseng.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, keketseho ea 10 ° C e eketsa lebelo la karabelo, empa ha moeli o itseng o fihletsoe, mocheso o fetoha o sa sebetseng ka ts'ebetso ea enzymatic. Ntle le moo, pH e nepahetseng Ts'ebetso ea enzymatic ke 7 (ntle le li-enzyme tse silang lijo, tse maemong a teng asiti mala).
Kemiso
Likarolo tse entsoeng ka li-enzyme lia fapana pakeng tsa tse lekolang ho rarahana ha tsona, tse li hlahlobang barekisi kapa ba kenyang letsoho ts'ebetsong ea enzymatic:
The li-hydrolase ke tse matlafatsang liphetoho tsa hydrolysis, ha isomerase ke tsona tseo catalyze liphetoho eo ho eona isomer e 'ngoe e fetohang e' ngoe. The liligi thusa ho tlamahanngoa ha limolek'hule, ha LIHLOOHO li sebetsa ka liketso tsa ho eketsa kapa ho felisa litlamo. The likarolo tse nang le lik'hemik'hale catalyze oxidation-reaction reactions (ho thusa ho fetisa elektronike) le libeso li thusa ho fetisa sehlopha ho tloha nthong e 'ngoe ho ea ho e' ngoe.
Li-enzyme lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri
Ho na le tse ngata lits'ebetso tsa indasteri tse amanang le tšebetso e tloaelehileng ea li-enzyme. The ho belisa joala le lihlahisoa tse ling tse reretsoeng tshebediso, ha likarabelo tse ngata tse kenellang lefats'eng joalo ka kaho li its'etleha ho tsona.
Ka linako tse ling li-enzyme li sebelisetsoa merero ea bongaka, e reretsoeng ho phekola libaka tsa ho ruruha ha lehae.
Mehlala ke ena ea mefuta ea li-enzyme tse nang le mesebetsi e meng ea tsona, ea tlhaho kapa ea indasteri.
Mehlala ea li-enzyme le mesebetsi ea tsona
- Trypsin: E roba litlamo tsa peptide haufi le arginine kapa lysine.
- Lactase: E sebelisoa indastering ea lebese, e thibela khalase ea lebese le kopaneng.
- Moriana: E hlahisa le ho pata hydrochloric acid, ha e ntse e hlasimolla ho sisinyeha ha mpa.
- Dipeptidase: Moetsi oa liamino acid tse peli.
- Chymosin: Coagulates liprotheine tsa lebese indastering ea chisi.
- Lipase: E fana ka mafura a acid, ha feela e ka sebetsa tikolohong ea alkaline, ka ketso e fetileng ea matsoai a bile.
- Lekunutu: E boloka bicarbonate ea metsi le sodium, ntle le ho thibela motility ea ka mpeng.
- Li-isomerase tsa tsoekereE lumella ts'ebeliso ea li-syrup tse phahameng tsa fructose tlhahiso ea lijo tse tsoekere.
- Mopapa: Ka setsing sa ho ritela, e sebelisetsoa ho noesa pente ea 'mela.
- Peptide e matlafatsang ea 'mele: E eketsa phallo ea mali mme e ntša mokelikeli oa metsi oa pancreatic.
- Sucaraa: E hlahisa fructose le glucose.
- Fiscina: Bohlokoa ho rekiseng nama.
- Carboxypeptidase: E arola li-carboxyamino acid tse qetellang.
- Bromelain: E kenya letsoho tlhahiso ea li-hydrolysate.
- Deoxyribonuclease: E hlahisa li-nucleotide, tse nang le substrate ea DNA.
- Encephalin: Thibela sephiri sa li-enzyme tsa pancreatic le motility ea tlhaho.
- Somatostatin: Thibela secretion ea acid e hydrochloric.
- Amylase: E fana ka tsoekere ka mpeng le manyeme, haeba e sebetsa tikolohong ea asiti.
- Lipoxidase: Indastering ea bohobe, e ntlafatsa boleng ba eona mme e hlahisa crumb e tšoeu haholo.
- Pepsin: E hlahisa li-peptide le li-amino acid ka mpeng, e nang le asiti e ngata haholo.
- Ribonuclease: E hlahisa li-nucleotide, tse nang le substrate ea RNA.
- Glucagon kaofelaE thibela motility le sephiri.
- Likokoana-hloko: Indastering ea lino tse tahang, e ntlafatsa ho hlakisa le ho ntša lero.
- Tannasa: E fetola tsoekere ho ea ho fructose, ntle le ho thibela ho sootho le ho tima litatso tse ling.
- Ptyalin: E fana ka monosaccharides le disaccharides, haeba e sebetsa tikolohong e itekanetseng ea alkaline.
Lintlha tse ling?
- Mehlala ea Li-enzyme tsa Ts'oaetso
- Mehlala ea Li-Coenzymes
