Mehlala ea 15 ea Distillation - Encyclopedia

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Litaba

Mefuta ea distillation
Mehlala ea distillation
Mekhoa e meng ea ho arola metsoako

The distillation ke ts'ebetso ea karohano ea lintho tse sebelisang ts'ebeliso ea mouoane le ho honyela, ho li sebelisa ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ho manamisa ka kakaretso motsoako o ts'oanang.

Ea bobeli e kanna ea ba le maro, a tiile e tsoakiloe ka likhase tse metsi kapa tse qhibilihisitsoeng, kaha ho sebelisoa e 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tsa tlhaho tsa ntho e ngoe le e ngoe, joalo ka ntlha e belang.

Sebaka sa ho belisa se bitsoa mocheso moo metsi a fetolang boemo ba ona ho ba le khase (mouoane).

Ha e le hantle, hore distillation e etsahale, motsoako o lokela ho belisoa ho fihlela moo ho belang e 'ngoe ea tsona dintho, e tla tsamaisoa ka boemo ba gaseous setshelong se pholileng moo o ka khutsufatsang le ho khutlisa mokelikeli oa eona.

Bona hape: Mehlala ea Fusion, Solidification, Mouoane, Sublimation, Condensation

Mefuta ea distillation

Ho na le mefuta e mengata e ka bang teng ea distillation:

Bonolo. Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe kaholimo, ha e fane ka tiiso e felletseng ea bohloeki ba ntho e silafalitsoeng.
Dikarohano. E etsoa ka karoloana ea karoloana, e sebelisang lipoleiti tse fapaneng moo ho fetoha mouoane le ho phophoma ha metsi ka tatellano, ho netefatsang sephetho se phahameng.
Ho kena lefeela. E sebelisa khatello ea vacuum ho catalyze ts'ebetso ea li-distillation, ho fokotsa ntlha e belang ea lintho ka halofo.
Azeotropic. E sebelisetsoa ho roba azeotrope, ke hore, a motswako wa dintho e itšoarang ka bonngoe, e arolelana ntlha e belang. Hangata ho kenyelletsa boteng ba mahlahana a arohaneng mme tsohle li etsoa ho latela Molao oa Raoult.
Ka ho kenella ka mouoane. Likarolo tse sa fetoheng le tse sa fetoheng tsa motsoako li arotsoe ho ente e otlolohileng ea mouoane ho khothaletsa karohano ea motsoako.
Omella. E ipapisitse le ho futhumatsa ha thepa e tiileng ntle le thuso ea lintho tse qhibilihisang metsi, ho hlahisa likhase tse kenellang ka setsing se seng.
E ntlafalitsoe. Lena ke lebitso la li-distillation tse ling kapa li-distillation tse sebetsang, tse lumellanang le maemo a itseng a metsoako ea lintho tse thata ho arohana le lintlha tsa tsona tse belang.

Mehlala ea distillation

Ho hloekisa oli. Ho arola tse fapaneng li-hydrocarbon le lihlahisoa tsa peterole, ho etsoa mokhoa o fokolang oa distillation o lumellang e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea metsoako ena e tsoang ho boloka likarolo tse fapaneng, ho qala ka ho pheha ha oli e sa tsoakoang. Ho phahama likhase le lintho tse teteaneng tse kang sekontiri le parafine li oela ka thoko.
Ho petsoha ha catalytic. Lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa li atisa ho etsoa ha ho etsoa oli, ho tloha litoreng tse hloekileng ho arola likhase tse fapaneng tse fanoang nakong ea ho pheha oli. Ka tsela ena ho belisoa ha li-hydrocarbon ho potlakisa.
Tlhoekiso ea Ethanol. Ts'ebetso ea ho arola ethanol (joala) metsing a hlahisoang lilaboratoring e hloka ts'ebetso ea distillation ea azeotropic, eo ho eona benzene kapa likarolo tse ling li eketsoang ho lokolla motsoako le ho lumella karohano.
Qosoea mashala. Ha ho fumanoa mafura a metsi, hangata mashala kapa patsi li sebelisoa mochini o ommeng oa distillation, ho matlafatsa likhase tse tsoang nakong ea mollo oa tsona le ho li sebelisa ka mefuta e fapaneng. lits'ebetso tsa indasteri.
Thermolysis ea matsoai. Ts'ebetso e 'ngoe e ommeng ea distillation, e nang le matsoai a tukang a diminerale le ho a fumana ho tsoa ho ona, le ho futhumatsa ha likhase, tse fapaneng diminerale ea lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa indasteri.
Alembic. Sesebelisoa sena, se qapiloeng mehleng ea khale ea Maarabo ho hlahisa litlolo tse nkhang hamonate, meriana le joala ho tsoa litholoana tse lomositsoeng, se sebelisa melaoana ea ho qhala lintho ka ho futhumatsa lintho ka hara tanka ea sona e nyane le ho pholisa likhase tse hlahisitsoeng ka kela e pholileng ka setshelong se secha.
Tlhahiso ea litlolo tse nkhang hamonate. Moralo oa mouoane o sebelisoa khafetsa indastering ea litlolo, ka metsi a belang le mefuta e meng ea lipalesa tse bolokiloeng, molemong oa ho fumana khase e tlatsitsoeng ka monko eo, ha e khutsisoa, e ka sebelisoang e le maro a mantlha.
Ho fumana lino tse tahang. Ho a khonahala ho hlahisa thollo ea litholoana kapa lihlahisoa tse ling tsa tlhaho, ka mohlala, ho alembic. Ho belisoa ho belisoa hoo e ka bang ka 80 ° C, mocheso o belang oa joala, ka hona metsi a arohane, a salang ka hara setshelo.
Ho fumana metsi a silafalitsoeng. Tlhoekiso e fetelletseng ea metsi e hlaha ts'ebetsong ea distillation e ntšang metsoako eohle eo e nang le eona. Hangata e sebelisoa lilaboratoring le liindastering, 'me mokhoa o ts'oanang o sebelisoa ho etsa hore metsi a noehe bakeng sa tšebeliso ea batho.
Ho fumana oli. Kakaretso ea lioli tse ngata tsa bohlokoa ke ho belisa lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe (meroho kapa phoofolo) ho fihlela oli e fetoha mouoane ebe e e khutsufatsa qetellong, hore e hlaphoheloe.
Metsi a leoatle a ntša letsoai. Libakeng tse ngata moo ho se nang metsi a nooang, metsi a leoatle a sebelisetsoa ho sebelisoa, kamora hore a tšeloe letsoai ho tlosa letsoai leo, hobane ha le fetohe mouoane ha metsi a futhumetse mme a lula ka setsing sa pele.
Ho fumana pyridine. Mokelikeli o se nang mmala o nang le monko o nyonyehang haholo, pyridine ke motsoako o tšoanang le benzene, o sebelisoang haholo indastering ea solvent, ea lithethefatsi, ea dae le ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana. Hangata e fumanoa ho tsoa ho distillation ea oli e fumanoang, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho tsoa ho distillation e senyang ea masapo.
Ho fumana tsoekere. Ho tsoa ho coconut le lintho tse ling tsa tlhaho, tsoekere e itseng e ka fumanoa ka distillation e tlosang metsi ka ho fetoha mouoane mme e lumella likristale tsa tsoekere hore li sale.
Ho fumana glycerin. Ts'ebetso ea ho fumana glycerin e entsoeng ka maiketsetso e kenyelletsa distillation ea masala a sesepa, hobane ntho ena e tsoa ho ts'enyeho ea lipids (Joalo ka potoloho ea Krebs).
Ho fumana asiti ea acetic. Sehlahisoa sena sa asene se na le lits'ebetso tse ngata indastering ea meriana, ea lifoto le ea temo, 'me distillation e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tsa eona tsa tlhahiso, hobane e hlahisoa hammoho le lintho tse ling tse sa tsitsang joalo ka asiti ea formic le formaldehyde.