Litaba
Ho khetha mefuta (kapa maleme) ke maele kapa maele a khethollang lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa libui tsa puo, ntle le ho belaella bonngoe ba puo ea puo ea bona. Mohlala: Noka ea Noka, Amerika Bohareng, Riojan.
Hoo e batlang e le lipuo tsohle li hlahisoa e le mefuta e mengata ea lipuo tse fapaneng, tse hokahantsoeng le ho fapana ha libaka le moetlo oa batho ba sebelisang lipuo tsena. Dialect, he, ke mefuta ea tikoloho kapa mekhoa eo puo e hlahisoang ka eona.
Li ka ba ngata, haholo-holo lipuong tse kang Sepanishe, se buuoang libakeng tse kholo le tse hole tsa lefats'e. Ka puo ena, ha ho na phapang ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa Spain ea Amerika le ea Spain, empa le mefuta e fapaneng ea maleme e ea tsebahala kahare ho Spain le Amerika.
Ho etsahala se tšoanang ka puo ea China ea Mandarin (eo hangata e bitsoang feela 'Chinese' mme e buuoa ke batho ba ka tlase ho limilione tse 836), e kenyeletsang Standard Mandarin (e buuoang Beijing) le lipuo tse ling tse buuoang libakeng tse ling, joalo ka Yángzhōu, Xī'ān, Chéngdū le Língbǎo.
Lisosa tse ling tsa tsoalo ea puo e fapaneng ke tšusumetso eo batho ba kanna ba ba le eona karolong ea puo le karohano ea libaka eo hangata e hlahisang liphetoho tse fapaneng.
Litsebi tsa jeokrafi ea lipuo ke tsona tse hlahlobang lits'ebetso tsena. Ha ho nkoe e le mosebetsi o bonolo ho beha meeli ea mefuta ena, hobane liketsahalo tsa puo tse hlalosang lintlha tsa puo e ngoe le e ngoe li atolosoa ka bongata, 'me hangata ha li fapane haholo le tse ling tsa semelo se tšoanang.
Mefuta e meng ea puo ke:
- Diastratic (kapa puo ea kahisano). E amana le mokhahlelo oa sechaba kapa maemo a tsebo ea puo (mefuta e fapaneng ea puo e tsoetseng pele, e buuoang, e litšila), eo le eona e hokahantsoeng le karolo ea setso sa sebui.
- Diaphase (kapa e sebetsang). Hlahloba ts'ebeliso ea puo maemong a fapaneng a potileng ketso ea puisano.
E ka u sebeletsa:
- Regional lexicon le generational lexicon
- Libaka (tse tsoang linaheng tse fapaneng)
Mehlala ea mefuta e fapaneng ea puo
Mehlala ea pele e robeli e ka tlase e tsamaellana le libaka tse fapaneng tsa Hloahloa ea Iberia, tse hlano tse latelang ke mefuta ea Sepanishe e buuoang Amerika; tse supileng tsa ho qetela ke maleme a Setaliana e buuoe libakeng tse fapaneng tsa Italy:
- Navarrese
- Riojano
- Feteletseng
- Murciano
- Andalusi
- Canary
- Manchego
- SeAragon
- Moferefere
- Caribbean
- Amerika Bohareng
- Andes
- SeAmazonia
- Piedmontese
- Friulan
- Tuscan
- Lerato
- Umbro
- Calabrian
- Campano
- Bona mehlala e meng ho: Mehlala ea maleme
