Beha khopolo joale ke karolo ea lipalo. Kaofela rea tseba hore e bitsoa sete pokello efe kapa efe ea likarolo e khetholloang ka ho hlaka, e nang le tšobotsi e le 'ngoe (kapa ho feta) e tšoanang. Seta lithuto tsa khopolo litšobotsi le likamano tsa li-sets; Tšimo ena e ile ea phahamisoa ke Bolzano le Cantor, ea ntan'o ntlafatsoa lekholong la bo20 la lilemo ke litsebi tse ling tsa lipalo tse kang Zermelo le Fraenkel.
Ho bohlokoa hore sete e ngoe le e ngoe e hlalosoe hantle, ke hore, e ka theoa ka nepo hore na e filoe ntho, ke ea sete kapa che.
- Bulela lipalo hangata ho totobetse. Mohlala, haeba sete ea linomoro tse fetang 1 le ka tlase ho 15 li nkuoa, ho hlakile hore sete ena e tla etsoa ka linomoro 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 le 14 feela.
- Ka puo e tloaelehileng, ho bua ka sehlopha ho ka ba thata ho feta, hobane haeba re batla ho theha sehlopha sa libini tse hloahloa, mohlala, maikutlo a tla fapana mme ho ke ke ha ba le tumellano e felletseng ea hore na ke mang eo e tla ba karolo ea sehlopha sena le hore na ke mang ea ke keng a . Lisebelisoa tse ling tse ikhethileng ha li na letho (ha li na likarolo) kapa lihlopha tse kopaneng (tse nang le ntho e le 'ngoe feela).
The lintho tseo e leng karolo ea sete li bitsoa litho kapa likarolo, 'Me lihlopha li emeloa ka har'a lingoloa tse koetsoeng ka li-brace: {}. Ka hare ho tšehetso, lintho li aroloa ke likhefane. Li ka boela tsa emeloa ke lits'oants'o tsa Venn, tse kenyelletsang pokello ea likarolo tse etsang sete ka seng moleng o tiileng le o koetsoeng, ka kakaretso e le sebopeho sa selikalikoe. Ha ho na le mela e 'maloa e koetsoeng, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona e fuoa lengolo le leholo (A, B, C, jj.)' Me sete ea lefatše ka bophara e emeloa ke tlhaku U, e bolelang sete ea bokahohle.
Ka li-sets u ka li etsang ts'ebetso; tse kholo ke kopano, mateano a litsela, phapang, tlatsetso le sehlahisoa sa Cartesian. Kopano ea lihlopha tse peli A le B e hlalosoa e le sete A-B mme sena se na le ntlha e ngoe le e ngoe e ho bonyane e le 'ngoe ea tsona. Tekanyo e akaretsang e e emelang ke:
- HO= {José, Jerónimo}, B= {María, Mabel, Marcela}; AUB= {José, Jerónimo, María, Mabel, Marcela}
- P= {pere, apole}, C= {sirilamunu, lamunu}; F= {cheri, currant};PUCUF = {pere, apole, sirilamunu, mmala wa lamunu, cheri, currant}
- M={7, 9, 11}, N={4, 6, 8}; MONA={7, 9, 11, 4, 6, 8}
- R= {bolo, thellise), G= {soka, bolo, skate); SEBETSO= {bolo, soka, skate}
- C= {daisy}, S= {sebolokelo}; CUS = {tse makatsang, tlhapi}
- C= {daisy}, S= {khetsi}; T= {botlolo}, LETSOELA = {margarita, carnation, botlolo}
- G= {botala, botala, botsho}, H= {botsho}; GUH= {botala, botala, botsho}
- HO={ 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }; B={ 10, 11, 12 }; AUB={ 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 }
- D= {Labobeli, Labone}, LE= {Laboraro, Labohlano}; SEBAKA = {Labobeli, Laboraro, Labone, Labohlano}
- B= {monoang, notši, hummingbird}; C= {khomo, ntja, pere}; BUC= {monoang, notši, hummingbird, khomo, ntja, pere}
- HO={2, 4, 6, 8}, B={1, 2, 3, 4}; AUB={1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8}
- P= {tafole, setulo}, P.= {tafole, setulo}; PUQ= {tafole, setulo}
- HO= {bohobe}, B = {chisi}; AUB= {Bohobe, chisi}
- HO={20, 30, 40}, B= {5, 15}; AUB ={5, 15, 20, 30, 40}
- M= {Pherekhong, Hlakola, Hlakubele, Mmesa}, N= {Pudungwana, Tshitwe}; MONA= {Pherekhong, Hlakola, Hlakubele, Mmesa, Pulungoana, Tšitoe}
- F={12, 22, 32, 42}, G= {a, e, i, o, u}; BONOLO= {12, 22, 32, 42, a, e, i, o, u}
- HO= {hlabula}, B= {mariha}; AUB= {hlabula, mariha}
- S= {meqathatso, thellel, flip flop}, R= {hempe}; BOROA= {meqathatso, thellel, flip flip, hempe}
- H= {Mantaha, Labobeli}, R= {Mantaha, Labobeli}, D= {Mantaha, Labobeli}; HURUD= {Mantaha, Labobeli}
- P= {khubelu, putsoa}, P.= {botala, tshehla}, PUQ= {khubelu, 'mala o moputsoa, o motala, o mosehla}
