Mehlala e 20 ea Lisele tsa Somatic - Encyclopedia

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Mehlala ea lisele tsa somatic

Thelisele tsa somatic ke tsona tseo e etsa kakaretso ea lisele le litho tsa 'mele ea lintho tse ngata tse nang le lisele tse ngata, ka ho fapana le thobalano kapa lisele tsa likokoana-hloko (lipapali) le lisele tsa embryonic (li-stem cell). Lisele tsohle tse etsang lisele, the ditho tsa mmele 'me tse tsamaeang maling le maro a mang a sa hlahiseng tsoalo, lisele tsa somatic.

Phapang ena ha e felle feela ka ho khetheha ha mesebetsi ea bona, empa hape le hore lisele tsa somatic ke mofuta oa diploid, ke hore, li na le letoto la lihlooho tse peli tsa li-chromosome moo ho fumanoang kakaretso ea tlhaiso-leseling ea motho ea lefutso.

A) Ee, liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa lisele tsohle tsa somatic li hlile lia tšoana. Sebakeng seo, lisele tsa thobalano kapa lipapali li na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ikhethileng, ka lebaka la tlhaho e sa fetoheng ea phepelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso nakong ea popo ea tsona, e sa emeleng letho ho feta halofo ea tlhaiso-leseling e felletseng ea motho ka mong.

Ebile, mokhoa oa cloning / Ho kopanya e na le monyetla oa ho sebelisa monyetla ona o felletseng oa lefutso o teng seleng efe kapa efe ea 'mele oa motho, e leng ntho e ke keng ea etsoa ka peo kapa lehe, hobane ho latela e mong ho e mong ho tlatsa tlhaiso-leseling ea lefutso ea motho e mocha.

Mehlala ea lisele tsa somatic

Myocyte. Lena ke lebitso le fuoeng lisele tse etsang mesifa e fapaneng ea 'mele, lipheletsong le seropeng esita le pelo. Lisele tsena li khetholloa ka ho ba le botsitso bo boholo bo ba lumellang ho phomola le ho fumana sebopeho sa bona sa mantlha, ka hona ho lumella motsamao le matla.
Lisele tsa Epithelial. Li koahela sefahleho sa mmele le kantle, ho theha boima bo bitsoang epithelium kapa epidermis, bo nang le likarolo tse ling tsa letlalo le lisele tsa 'mele. E sireletsa 'mele le litho tsa' mele linthong tse kantle, hangata e boloka mameno kapa lintho tse ling.
Li-erythrocyte (lisele tse khubelu tsa mali). Ha o na khubung le mitochondria bathong, lisele tsena tsa mali li fuoa hemoglobin (e fang mali 'mala oa eona o mofubelu) ho tsamaisa oksijene e bohlokoa mefuteng e fapaneng ea 'mele. Mefuta e meng e mengata e na le lisele tse khubelu tsa mali tse nang le khubu, joalo ka linonyana.
Leukocyte (lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali). Lisele tse sireletsang le ho itšireletsa 'meleng, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho sebetsana le liakhente tse kantle tse ka bakang mafu kapa tšoaetso. Hangata lia sebetsa ho koaetsoa ke metsi mekhatlo ea kantle ho naha le ho lumella ho lelekoa ha bona ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho ntšajoalo ka moroto, mantle, mamina, jj.
Li-Neurons. Lisele tsa methapo tse etsang eseng feela boko, empa hape le lesapo la mokokotlo le methapo e fapaneng ea methapo, ba ikarabella bakeng sa phetisetso ea maikutlo a motlakase a hokahanyang mesifa ea 'mele le lits'ebetso tse ling tsa bohlokoa. Li theha haholo marangrang a methapo ho tloha khokahanong ea li-dendrites tsa eona.
Thrombocyte (liplatelete). Likhechana tsa cytoplasmic, tse fetang lisele, tse sa tloaelehang le tse se nang khubu, li tloaelehile ho liphoofolo tsohle tse anyesang 'me li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa kholong le popong ea li-thrombi kapa maqeba. Ho haella ha eona ho ka fella ka ho tsoa mali.
Likhoe kapa li-buds tsa k'hothone. Lisele tse teng ka har'a leihlo la mammalia le tse phethang likarolo tsa photoreceptor, li hokahane le pono maemong a bobebe.
Li-chondrocyte. Ke mofuta oa sele e kopanyang lefufuru, moo hlahisa li-collagen le li-proteoglycans, lintho tse tšehetsang matrix ea lefufuru. Leha e le bohlokoa bakeng sa lefu la lefufuru, e etsa feela 5% ea boima ba eona.
Li-osteocyte. Lisele tse etsang masapo, hammoho le li-osteoclast, li tsoa li-osteoblast mme li lumella kholo ea masapo. Ha li khone ho arohana, li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa karohanong le ho khutlisetsoeng ha lesapo la masapo le potileng..
Li-hepatocyte. Tsena ke lisele tsa sebete, sefa ea mali le ea 'mele. Ba theha parenchyma (Lisele tse sebetsang) tsa setho sena sa bohlokoa, se pata lehare le hlokahalang bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa tšilo ea lijo le ho lumella lipotoloho tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso ea 'mele.
Lisele tsa Plasma. Tsena ke lisele tse itšireletsang mafung, joalo ka lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali, tseo li khetholloang ka boholo ba tsona bo boholo le hobane li ikarabella bakeng sa sephiri sa lithibela-mafu (li-immunoglobulin): dintho tsa taelo ya protheine e hlokehang ho hlwaya libaktheria, livaerase le 'mele esele e teng' meleng.
Li-adipocyte. Lisele tse etsang lisele tsa adipose (mafura), li khona ho boloka li-triglycerides tse ngata kahare, hoo e ka bang lerotholi la mafura. Ho re mehloli ea lipids E sebelisoa ha maemo a tsoekere maling a fokotseha 'me ho hlokahala hore u ee matamong a matla ho tsoela pele ka mesebetsi ea' mele. Ehlile, li bokelletsoe ho feta tekano, mafura ana a ka emela bothata ka ona.
Fibroblasts. Lisele tsa lisele tse sebetsang, tse hlophisang bokahare ba mmele le ho fana ka ts'ehetso ho litho tse fapaneng. Sebopeho le litšobotsi tsa sona tse sa tšoaneng li ipapisitse le sebaka le tšebetso ea sona, tse bohlokoa tokisetsong ea lisele; empa meleng e akaretsang ke lisele tsa nchafatso ea likhoele tse kopaneng.
Megakaryocyte. Lisele tsena tse kholo, li-nuclei tse 'maloa le li-ramification, kopanya lisele hematopoietic (bahlahisi ba lisele tsa mali) ho tsoa mokong oa masapo le litho tse ling. Ba ikarabella ho hlahiseng liplatelete kapa li-thrombocyte tse tsoang likhechaneng tsa cytoplasm ea bona.
Macrophages. Lisele tse itšireletsang tse ts'oanang le li-lymphocyte, empa li hlahisoa ke li-monocyte tse hlahisoang ke mokong. Ke karolo ea tšitiso ea pele ea lisele, e koahelang 'mele ofe kapa ofe oa kantle ho naha (pathogen kapa litšila) ho o lumella hore o se sebetse le ho sebetsa. Li bohlokoa molemong oa ho ruruha le ho lokisa lisele, ho noa lisele tse shoeleng kapa tse senyehileng.
Melanocyte. Hlahisa letlalong, Lisele tsena li ikarabella bakeng sa tlhahiso ea melanin, e leng motsoako o fang letlalo 'mala le ho o sireletsa mahlaseling a letsatsi.. Ea tšebetso ea tsena lisele matla a 'mala oa letlalo a ipapisitse le ona, ka hona mesebetsi ea ona ea fapana ho latela morabe.
Li-pneumocyte. Lisele tse ikhethang tse fumanoang pulmonary alveoli, ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea matšoafo: Sesebelisoa se fokotsang tsitsipano ea alveola matšoafong nakong ea ho lelekoa ha moea le se phethisang likarolo tsa boits'ireletso ba mmele.
Lisele tsa Sertoli. Li fumaneha ka har'a methapo ea seminiferous ea li-testes, li fana ka ts'ehetso le ts'ehetso ho lisele tse ikarabellang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea peo ea botona.. Li boloka lihormone tse ngata le lintho tse amanang le ho hlophisoa ha li-gametes le ho laola tšebetso ea lisele tsa Leydig.
Lisele tsa Leydig. Lisele tsena li fumaneha ka har'a li-testes, moo ba hlahisang lihormone tsa thobalano tsa bohlokoahali 'meleng oa monna: testosterone, e hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea kholo ea thobalano ho bacha.
Lisele tsa glial. Lisele tsa lisele tsa methapo tse fanang ka ts'ehetso le thuso ho li-neuron. Karolo ea eona ke ho laola maemo a ionic le biochemical a tikoloho ea microcellular., Ho sireletsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea phetisetso ea motlakase ea methapo.