Litaba
The Litekanyetso tsa boleng ke melao, litataiso kapa litšobotsi tseo a sehlahisoa kapa tšebeletso (kapa liphetho tsa eona) ho netefatsa boleng ba eona.
The boleng ba sehlahisoa kapa tšebeletso E hlalosoa e le motsoako oa likarolo tse peli tsa boenjiniere le tlhahiso tse khethollang tekanyo ea khotsofalo eo sehlahisoa sena kapa tšebeletso e fanang ka eona ho moreki. Le ha boleng ba bangoli ba bang e le litholoana tsa tšebelisano lipakeng tsa likarolo tse ikhethileng le sepheo, litekanyetso tsa boleng li sebetsana le lintlha tsa sepheo.
Litšobotsi tsa sehlahisoa se hlokoang ke maemo a boleng li ka fapana haholo: tlhoko ea 'mele kapa ea lik'hemik'hale, boholo bo itseng, khatello kapa mocheso, jj. Boleng bo boetse bo fanoa ka ho kopanya litšobotsi tse ling tsa mohopolo, joalo ka tse tšepahalang, tse tšoarellang, tse thusang, tse sebetsang, jj.
The Litekanyetso tsa boleng li ka supa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa boleng: moralo, concordance (lipakeng tsa se raliloeng le se hlahisoang), ha e sebelisoa, ts'ebetsong ea kamora ho rekisa.
Bona hape: Mehlala ea Maemo(hangata)
maikemisetso
Morero oa maemo a boleng ke:
- Hlalosa litšobotsi tse tlase tsa ntho: Mohlala, hore mohala oa sele o nkoe e le Smartphone o tlameha ho fihlela litšobotsi tse itseng.
- Momahanya lihlahisoa, hammoho le lits'ebetso le tlhaiso-leseling e amanang le tsona: Tlhophiso ea lihlahisoa e nolofalletsa khoebo ea tsona.
- Ntlafatsa polokeho: Litekanyetso tse ngata tsa boleng li supa polokeho ts'ebelisong ea lihlahisoa
- Sireletsa lithahasello tsa bareki: Melao ka litekanyetso e tiisa hore lihlahisoa tse rekiloeng ke moreki li tla arabela litlhoko tsa bona
- Litsenyehelo tse tlase: Ho khetha litekanyetso tsa tlhahiso ho theola litšenyehelo.
Ts'ebeliso le Melemo
The Litekanyetso tsa boleng Li ka sebelisoa makaleng a fapaneng: lisebelisoa (bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse ling), lihlahisoa, mochini, mefuta e fapaneng ea tsamaiso (tikoloho, likotsi tsa mosebetsi, ts'ireletso, tlhahlobo), lits'ebeletso le lits'ebetso.
The Melemo ea maemo a boleng kamanong lipakeng tsa lik'hamphani le bareki ke:
- Tloaelo ea boleng e thehiloe ka har'a k'hamphani.
- Eketsa boits'epo ba bareki.
- E ntlafatsa setšoantšo sa k'hamphani eseng 'marakeng oa lehae feela empa le mebarakeng ea machabeng, kaha karolo e kholo ea litekanyetso tsa boleng e arabela mekhahlelong ea machabeng.
Hona le litsi tse fapaneng tsa naha kapa tsa machabeng tse thehang maemo a boleng le ho laola ho latela melao eo. Mehlala e meng ke ena:
- Komiti ea Europe ea Boemo (CEN, lebatooa)
- Komiti ea Europe ea Tekanyetso ea Electrotechnical (CENELEC, lebatooa)
- Setsi sa Argentina sa Rationalization of Materials (IRAM, ea naha)
- Komiti ea Boemo ba AENOR: ea naha, Spain, empa e ntlafalitse litekanyetso tsa UNE tse nang le bonnete ba tikoloho
- Litekanyetso tsa Machaba tsa Motlakase (IES, maemo a machabeng a thepa ea motlakase)
- Mokhatlo oa Moenjiniere oa Amerika: SAE, Lihlahisoa tse Amanang le Naha, Kaho le Boenjiniere
- Setsi sa Amerika sa Iron le Steel: AISI, Naha, Lihlahisoa tsa Tšepe
- Tsamaiso ea Lijo le Lithethefatsi: FDA, naha (United States), taolo ea lijo le lithethefatsi.
- Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Boemo ba Tikoloho: ISO, machabeng, e sebetsa ho eng kapa eng e amanang le tlhahiso ea thepa kapa litšebeletso. Ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea bona e fapaneng, litekanyetso tsa ISO ke tsona tse tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa.
Mehlala ea Maemo a Boleng
Lethathamong le latelang re pepesa litekanyetso tsa boleng ke life e sebelisoa makaleng a fapaneng le hore na ba phehella sepheo sefe:
- EA-4502-IRAM: e sebelisoa tšimong ea litšoantšo tsa botekgeniki. Khetholla mefuta e fapaneng ea mela e nahanang ka botenya, boholo, boemeli le ts'ebeliso.
- EA-4504-IRAM (Setšoantšo sa botekgeniki): e khetha lifomate, likarolo tsa lits'oants'o le ho mena lipampiri.
- IRAM 10005: E sebetsa ho mebala le matšoao a polokeho. Fumana mebala, matšoao le matšoao a polokeho.
- IRAM 11603E sebetsa ho boemo ba mocheso ba meaho, ho nahanoa ka lintlha tsa tikoloho.
- Iso 9001: e sebetsa ho Sisteme ea Tsamaiso ea Boleng. Khamphani e fihlelang maemo ana e bonts'a hore e fihlela maemo a hlokahalang ho fihlela khotsofalo ea bareki.
- ISO 16949 (eo hape e bitsoang ISO / TS 16949): e amahanngoa le maemo a ISO 9001 kaha e totobatsa litlhoko tse ikhethang bakeng sa tlhahiso indastering ea likoloi.
- ISO 9000: ke motlatsi oa 9001. Tekanyetso ena e file Mekhoa ea Tsamaiso ea Boleng puo e le 'ngoe, hammoho le metheo ea eona.
- ISO 9004E sebetsa ho katleho (ho fihlela lipheo) le katleho (ho fihlela sepheo ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nyane haholo) tsamaisong ea boleng.
- ISO 14000: e sebetsa ho litlamorao tsa ts'ebetso ea k'hamphani tikolohong.
- ISO 14001: e laola litsamaiso tsa taolo ea tikoloho. E theha ho latela melao ea lehae e amanang le tlhokomelo ea tikoloho.
- ISO 14004: tekanyetso ena e tataisa k'hamphani ntlafatsong, ts'ebetsong, tlhokomelo le ntlafatso ea litsamaiso tsa taolo ea tikoloho, ntle le ts'ebelisano ea eona le litsamaiso tse ling tsa tsamaiso.
- ISO 17001: e bua ka ho tšoana ha lihlahisoa le litšebeletso, ke hore, ho tšoaneleha ha tsona. Molaoana ona o bonts'a litlhoko tse tlase bakeng sa sehlahisoa kapa tšebeletso ka 'ngoe.
- ISO 18000: li bua ka melaoana ea bophelo bo botle le polokeho mosebetsing.
- ISO 18001: e laola Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Bophelo le Polokeho. Hammoho le maemo a ISO 9001 le ISO 14001 ba theha sistimi e kopaneng ea taolo.
- ISO 18002: litataiso mabapi le ts'ebetsong ea Sisteme ea Tsamaiso ea Bophelo le Polokeho.
- ISO 18003 (eo hape e tsejoang e le OHSAS 18003): e theha maemo a hlokahalang ho kenyelletsa liphuputsong tsa ka hare ho Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Ts'ireletso le Litumeliso tsa Mosebetsi.
- ISO 19011E sebetsa ho liphuputso tsa kahare eseng feela tse amanang le boleng empa hape le phello ea tlhahiso tikolohong.
- ISO 22000: e laola Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Lijo, ke hore, e tiisa hore lijo li loketse tšebeliso ea batho. Ha e bolele litšobotsi tsa tatso kapa chebahalo empa e bolela ho hloka molato ha eona, ke hore, ho ba sieo ha likotsi ts'ebeliso ea eona.
- ISO 26000: tataisa moralo, ts'ebetsong, nts'etsopele le ntlafatso ea likarolo tsa boikarabello ba sechaba.
- ISO 27001: e sebelisoa ho Sisteme ea Tsamaiso ea Ts'ireletso ea Tlhahisoleseling, ka bobeli ho qoba likotsi le ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso.
- ISO 28000- E sebetsa ho taolo ea phepelo.
- ISO 31000: tataisa nts'etsopele ea litsamaiso tsa taolo ea likotsi, ho nahanoa ka litlhoko tsa mafapha a fapaneng.
- ISO 170001: ke litekanyetso tse netefatsang phihlello ea bokahohleng. Meaho le lipalangoang tse tsamaellanang le maemo ana li tsamaisa phihlello le motsamao oa batho ba lutseng ka likooa, kapa batho ba foufetseng, jj.
- UNE 166000: E sebetsa ho R + D + i tsamaiso (khutsufatso ea lipatlisiso, nts'etsopele le boiqapelo). E theha litlhaloso le mareo a sebelisoang ke li-UNE tse ling. (UNE 166003, 166004, 166005 le 166007 li ile tsa hlakoloa)
- UNE 166001: e beha litlhoko tsa merero e amanang le R + D + i
- UNE 166002: e bua ka litsamaiso tsa taolo ea R & D & i
- UNE 166006: e hlakisa litlhoko tsa leihlo la mahlale a morao-rao le litsamaiso tsa bohlale tsa tlholisano
- UNE 166008: e beha litlhoko tse hlokahalang bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa phetisetso ea mahlale.
