Litaba
E bitsoa mefuta-futa ea limela mefuta e fapaneng ea bophelo e hlahang tikolohong ea tlhaho. Limela tsohle, liphoofolo, likokoana-hloko, hammoho le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona li kenyelelitsoe tlhaloso.
Mefuta e 'meli e ahileng tikolohong eo le ts'ebetso ea tikoloho eo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e e phethahatsang, e lumellang boteng ba tse ling kaofela ka tsela e itseng, e bohlokoa.
Boleng ba bohlokoahali ba mefuta-futa ea limela ke ka hore ke ts'ebetso e etsoang ke mefuta e fapaneng ea mefuta ho feta lilemo tse ngata, nako e hlokahalang ho fihlela ntho e joalo ka tekano ea biosphere.
Ho phela ha mofuta ona ho netefatsoa ke sistimi ea bioloji eo ba fumanehang ho eona, 'me boemong bona motho ke mofuta o mong hape: ts'ebeliso le molemo oa mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng e kentse letsoho ka litsela tse ngata nts'etsopele ea moetlo oa batho.
- Bona hape: Habitat le Niche ea tikoloho
Mekhoa ea likokoana-hloko
Lits'ebetso tsa baeloji li tloaetse ho ba le matla a tsona, ho isa tekanyong ea hore mefuta e phetha mesebetsi empa hape e fele, hoo mofuta o felileng ka tlhaho o bakang pherekano tikolohong e ka nkeloang sebaka ke mofuta o mong.
Leha ho le joalo, liketso tse fapaneng tse etsoang ke motho li tloaetse ho fetola mefuta-futa ea likokoana-hloko ka mahlakore a fapaneng: liphetoho maemong a leholimo, tlhoriso le ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea mefuta, tšenyo le ho arohana ha libaka tsa bolulo, ho hlahisoa ha mefuta e hlaselang le temo e matla li kotsi mefuteng e meng ea Lefatše.
Bohlokoa ba mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng
Ha tahlehelo ea mefuta-futa e bakoa ke taolo ea motho ea litsamaiso tsa tlholeho, puseletso ena ha e etsoe ka boiketsetso ebile e ka beha kotsi tsamaisong eohle ea tikoloho.
Ke ka hona ho nang le matšolo a ruri a reretsoeng rata tlhokomelo ea mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng, le ho bolokoa ha tikoloho. Bakeng sa sena, letoto la liketso li khothaletsoa:
- Kopanya nts'etsopele ea moruo le paballo ea tikoloho.
- E amana le ea morao-rao, e lahla mekhoa ea tlhahiso e nyenyefatsang mehloli ea bophelo kapa mobu.
- Lekola bohlokoa ba karolo e ngoe le e ngoe ea phapang ea bioloji, ho kenyelletsa sistimi ka kakaretso.
- Ho hlokomela meru ea matsoalloa, ho tsoa boits'oarong ka bomong empa hape le ka maano a sechaba.
- 'Mapa le ho hlokomela tikoloho, hammoho le baahi ba tsona ba Lipalesa le liphoofolo.
- Qoba ho hlahisa mefuta e sa tloaelehang ntle le haeba e le molemo haholo.
Lipontšo le mehlala
Ho sebelisoa mekhoa e fapaneng lekanya mefuta-futa ea lihloliloengIndex ea Simpson ke e 'ngoe ea tse atisang ho hlaha. Ho latela lits'oants'o tsena, ho se ho hlahisitsoe sehlopha se nang le linaha tse leshome le metso e supileng tse bitsoang megadiverse, tseo mmoho li nang le lehae le fetang 70% ea mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng tsa lefatše.
Ka tlase lethathamo, ho kenyeletsoa likarolo tse ling tsa mefuta-futa ea e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona:
- USA: Sebaka se seholohali sa naha ena ke lehae la mefuta e 432 ea liphoofolo tse anyesang, tse 311 tsa tsona dihahabi, Li-amphibian tse 256, linonyana tse 800, litlhapi tse 1 154 le likokoanyana tse fetang 100,000.
- India: Liphoofolo li kenyelletsa likhomo, linare, lipoli, litau, mangau le litlou tsa Asia. Ho na le libaka tse mongobo tse 25 ka har'a naha 'me e na le mefuta ea teng e fumanehang joalo ka tšoene ea Nilgiri, qibi ea Beddome, nkoe ea Bengal le tau ea Asia.
- Malaysia: Ho na le mefuta e ka bang 210 ea liphoofolo tse anyesang naheng, mefuta e 620 ea linonyana, mefuta e 250 ea lihahabi (tse 150 tsa tsona ke linoha), mefuta e 600 ea likorale le mefuta e 1200 ea litlhapi.
- Afrika Boroa: Ka mefuta-futa ea mefuta-futa lefatšeng, e kenyelletsa mefuta e 20000 ea limela, le 10% ea mefuta e tsebahalang ea linonyana le litlhapi lefatšeng.
- Mexico: E na le 'libaka tse hlaha' tse 37 lefatšeng, tse nang le mefuta e fapaneng ea linonyana le litlhapi (mefuta e 875, linonyana tsa leoatle tse 580 le tse 35 tsa tsona liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa leoatleng).
- Australia: Naha e na le 8% ea sebaka sa eona se sirelelitsoeng, kangaroo le koala, empa e kenyelletsa le platypus, possum le bademona ba Tasmanian. Ho na le mefuta e mengata haholo ea lifate, hangata eucalyptus le acacias.
- Colombia: Ke naha e ruileng ka ho fetisisa linonyaneng tse nang le mefuta e 1870, ntle le ho kenyelletsa mefuta e fetang 700 ea lihoho, mefuta e 456 ea liphoofolo tse anyesang le mefuta e fetang 55,000 ea limela (karolo ea boraro ea tsona e lula naheng eo).
- Chaena: E na le limela tse tsoetseng pele tse fetang 30,000, le tse 6 377 lesapo la mokokotlo e emelang pakeng tsa 10% ea limela le 14% ea liphoofolo lefatšeng.
- Peru: Ho na le mefuta e ka bang 25,000, eo 30% ea eona e leng teng feela. Ho na le mefuta e ka bang 182 ea limela tse ruuoang lapeng tsa Andes.
- Ecuador: Ho na le mefuta e pakeng tsa 22,000 le 25,000 ea limela, e nang le maemo a holimo haholo. Ho phaella moo, ho na le palo e kholo ea liphoofolo tse anyesang, linonyana, liphoofolo tse phelang metsing le dihahabi.
- Madagascar: E kenyelletsa mefuta e 32 ea litšoene tse ikhethang lefatšeng, mefuta e 28 ea bo-'mankhane, mefuta e 198 ea linonyana le mefuta e 257 ea lihahabi.
- Brazil: Ke naha e nang le mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng lefatšeng ka bophara, e nang le palo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea liphoofolo tse anyesang le litlhapi tse fetang 3 000 tsa metsi a hloekileng, mefuta e 517 ea li-amphibia, mefuta e 3,150 ea lirurubele, mefuta e 1,622 ea linonyana le mefuta e 468 ea lihahabi.
- Democratic Republic of Congo: Dinyantshi tse kgolo tse kang ditlou, ditau, mangau, dichimpanzi kapa thutlwa di a hlahella.
- Indonesia: Ho tseo ho thoeng ke ‘Meru ea Paradeise’ ho na le palo e kholo ea mefuta, ho kenyeletsoa liphoofolo tse anyesang tse 500 le linonyana tse 1600.
- Venezuela: Ho na le mefuta e ka bang 15 500 ea limela, hammoho le palo e kholo ea liphoofolo, ho kenyeletsoa mefuta e 1 200 ea litlhapi.
- Philippines: E tsebahala ka palo e kholo ea lihahabi le li-amphibians.
- Papua New Guinea: Ho na le mefuta e ka bang 4 642 ea liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo e lulang morung oa New Guinea.
- Latela le: Liphoofolo tse kotsing
