Ho theha limolek'hule tsa metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale, liathomo tsa lintho tse fapaneng kapa likarolo li tlameha ho kopana ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng, 'me sena se ka etsahala ka litsela tse fapaneng ka lebaka la sebopeho sa sebopeho seo athomo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e nang le sona, eo, joalo ka ha re tseba, e nang le khubu e nang le tjantjello e ntle e lika-likelitsoeng ke leru la lielektrone.
Lielektrone li lefisoa hampe 'me li lula haufi le khubu hobane lefapha la matla a motlakase li hohela bona. Ha elektronike e le haufi le khubu, matla a mangata a hlokahalang ho e lokolla.
Empa ha se likarolo tsohle tse ts'oanang: tse ling li na le tloaelo ea ho lahleheloa ke lielektrone tse ka ntle tsa leru (likarolo tse nang le matla a tlase a ionization), ha tse ling li tloaetse ho li hapa (likarolo tse nang le kamano e phahameng ea lielektrone). Sena se etsahala hobane ho latela molao oa octet oa Lewis, botsitso bo amahanngoa le boteng ba lielektrone tse 8 khetla e ka ntle kapa orbital, bonyane maemong a mangata.
Joale joang ho kanna ha ba le tahlehelo kapa leruo la lielektrone, li-ion tsa tefiso e fapaneng li ka theoa, 'me khoheli ea motlakase pakeng tsa li-ion tsa tefiso e fapaneng e etsa hore li kopane le ho theha metsoako e bonolo ea lik'hemik'hale, eo ho eona e' ngoe ea likarolo e faneng ka lielektrone 'me e' ngoe ea li amohela. E le hore sena se ka etsahala mme a maqhama a ionic hoa hlokahala hore ho be le phapang kapa delta ea elektronike pakeng tsa likarolo tse amehang bonyane 1.7.
The maqhama a ionic hangata e hlaha lipakeng tsa motsoako oa tšepe le o seng oa tšepe: athomo ea tšepe e fana ka lielektrone tse le 'ngoe kapa ho feta' me ka hona e theha li-ion (cations) tse lefelloang hantle, 'me tse sa sebetsoang ke metheo lia li fumana ebe e fetoha karoloana (anion) e lefelloeng hampe. Lisebelisoa tsa lefats'e tsa alkali le alkaline ke tsona lintho tse atisang ho theha cations haholo, mme halogen le oksijene hangata ke anion.
Ka kakaretso, metsoako e entsoeng ka litlamo tsa ionic ba tse tiileng ka mocheso oa mohatsela le ntlha e qhibilihang e ngata, e qhibilihang ka metsing. Ka tharollo ba haholo batsamaisi ba hantle ba motlakasekaha ke li-electrolyte tse matla. Matla a marang-rang a tiileng ea ionic ke ona a tšoaeang matla a hohelang lipakeng tsa li-ion tsa se tiileng seo.
E ka u sebeletsa:
- Mehlala ea Likoloto tsa Covalent
- Magnesium oxide (MgO)
- Sulphate ea koporo (CuSO4)
- Iodide ea potasiamo (KI)
- Zinc hydroxide (Zn (OH) 2)
- Sodium chloride (NaCl)
- Nitrate ea silevera (AgNO3)
- Lithium fluoride (LiF)
- Magnesium chloride (MgCl2)
- Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- Nitrate ea calcium (EA (NO3) 2)
- Khalase ea phosphate (Ca3 (PO4) 2)
- Dichromate ea potasiamo (K2Cr2O7)
- Phosphate ea disodium (Na2HPO4)
- Iron sulfide (Fe2S3)
- Potassium bromide (KBr)
- K'halsiamo carbonate (CaCO3)
- Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)
- Potassium sulfate (K2SO4)
- Manganese chloride (MnCl2)
