Lithibela-mafu (le hore na ke tsa eng)

Litaba

• Mehlala ea lithibela-mafu le ts'ebeliso ea tsona

The lithibela-mafu Ke ba mofuta oa lik'hemik'hale e tsoang linthong tse phelang kapa e entsoeng ka maiketsetso, eo thepa ea eona ea mantlha e leng ea thibela kholo le ho hasana ha likokoana-hloko tse itseng tse amanang le moralo oa eona.

The lithibela-mafu Li sebelisoa kalafong ea bongaka ea batho, liphoofolo le limela khahlano le ts'oaetso e tsoang ho baktheria, ke ka hona li tsejoang hape e le li-antibacterial.

Ka kakaretso, the Kalafo ea lithibela-mafu e sebetsa e le ngoe chemotherapy, ke hore, ho tlatsa 'mele ka lintho tse kotsi bophelong ba lisele, tseo kokoana-hloko pathogen kapa mohlaseli o hlokolosi haholo ho feta lisele bobebe.

Ho utloahala ha ho boleloa libaktheria e susumelitsoe ke tšebeliso e sa khetholleng ea lithibela-mafu, e khothalletsang likokoana-hloko tse itoanelang. Ka lebaka lena, meloko e mecha ea lithethefatsi tse matla kapa tse tobileng e tlameha ho etsoa.

Mehlala ea lithibela-mafu le ts'ebeliso ea tsona

• Penicillin. E tsoa ho fungus penicillium ke Enerst Duchesne ka 1897 mme e netefalitsoe ka phoso ke Alexander Fleming, ke eona lithibela-mafu tsa pele tse hlophisitsoeng hantle le tse sebelisoang ka bongata. Ka hona, mefuta e mengata ea baktheria e se e ntse e le khahlanong le eona, empa e ntse e tsoela pele ho sebelisoa khahlano le pneumococci, streptococci le staphylococci, hammoho le mefuta e mengata ea tšoaetso ka mpeng, mali, masapo, manonyello le meno. Ho na le bakuli ba alejiki le lebese la 'mele la bona ba ke keng ba phekoloa ka eona.
• Arsphenamine. Lithibela-mafu tsa pele, hobane li sebelisitsoe pele ho penicillin khahlanong le syphilis. E tsoa ho arsenic, e lekile makhetlo a mangata ho fihlela e se chefo ho mokuli, leha e le ngata e ntse e bolaea. E ile ea fallisoa ke penicillin, e sireletsehileng haholo hape e sebetsang hantle.
• Erythromycin. Sebolaya-mafu sa pele sa sehlopha sa macrolides, ke hore, se fuoeng masale a limolek'hule tsa lactone, se fumanoe ka 1952 ho tsoa libaktheria tse mobung oa Philippines. E sebetsa hantle haholo khahlanong le gram libaktheria tse ntle ea mala le ea phefumoloho, hammoho le Chlamydia nakong ea bokhachane, empa e na le litla-morao tse sa phutholoheng.
• Kanamycin. Ts'ebeliso e thibetsoeng ka lebaka la chefo ea eona e matla, Kanamycin e sebetsa haholoholo khahlano le lefuba, mastitis, nephritis, septicemia, pneumonia, actinobacillosis mme haholo-holo mefuta e hananang le erythromycin. E sebelisoa, hammoho le lithibela-mafu tse ling, e le boitokisetso ba ts'ebetso ea kolone.
• Amikacin. Ho tsoa sehlopheng sa li-aminoglycosides, e sebetsa ts'ebetsong ea baktheria ea synthesis ea protheine, Ho li thibela ho hlahisa likarolo tsa lisele tsa tsona. Ke e 'ngoe ea lithibela-mafu tse sebetsang khahlano le mefuta e hananang le sehlopha sohle sa eona mme e sebelisoa maemong a matla a sepsis, kapa khahlano le likokoana-hloko tse kotsi tsa gram-negative.
• Clarithromycin. E ile ea qaptjoa ke bo-rasaense ba Majapane ka 1970, ha ba ne ba batla mofuta oa erythromycin o nang le litla-morao tse fokolang, e sebelisoa haholo ho mafu a letlalo, matsoele le a phefumolohang, hammoho le bakuli ba HIV ho sebetsana le Mycobacterium avium.
• Azithromycin. E tsoa ho erythromycin mme e na le halofo ea bophelo bo bolelele, tekanyetso ea eona e fanoang hang ka letsatsi. E sebetsa hantle haholo khahlano le bronchitis, pneumonia, le mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano kapa a moroto, hammoho le tšoaetso ea bongoana.
• Ciprofloxacin. Palo e pharaletseng, e hlasela ka kotloloho DNA ea baktheria, e e thibela ho ikatisa. E sebetsa hantle khahlano le lethathamo le lelelele la libaktheria, hangata e bolokiloe bakeng sa ts'oaetso ea lithibela-mafu, hobane e bolokehile ebile e potlakile, empa ke ea sehlopha se loantšang lithibela-mafu ho feta tsohle: fluoroquinolones.
• Cefadroxil. Ho tsoa sehlopheng sa moloko oa pele, li-cephalosporin tse pharalletseng, lithibela-mafu tsena li bohlokoa khahlanong le tšoaetso ea letlalo (maqeba, ho chesa), sistimi ea ho hema, masapo, lisele tse bonolo le tšoaetso ea genitourinary.
• Letsoalo. E bontšoa maemong a otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis kapa tonsillitis, empa le bakeng sa tšoaetso ea ho ntša metsi, lithibela-mafu tsena ke sehlahisoa sa li-cephalosporin tsa moloko oa bobeli, tsa sehlopha se secha: carbacephem.
• Vancomycin. Ho tloha ka tatellano ea li-glycopeptides, ka tlhaho e patoa ke libaktheria tse ling tsa nocardial. E sebetsa hantle khahlano le gram e ntle, eseng e mpe, libaktheria mme e sebelisoa haholo, leha mefuta e mengata ka tlhaho e hanela meriana.
• Amoxicillin. Ke sehlahisoa sa penicillin, se nang le sebono se pharaletseng, se sebetsang kalafong ea mafu a phefumolohang le a letlalo le libaktheria tse fapaneng, ke ka hona e sebelisoang haholo kalafong ea batho le ea bongaka ba liphoofolo.
• Ampicillin. E boetse e tsoa penicillin, e 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo ho tloha ka 1961 khahlanong le meningococci le listerias, hammoho le pneumococci le streptococci, empa haholo-holo enterococci.
• Aztreonam. Ka tšimoloho ea maiketsetso, e na le ponahalo e sebetsang haholo empa e le moqotetsane haholo: libaktheria tsa aerobic gram-negative. Ke sebaka se nepahetseng bakeng sa bakuli ba alejiki ho penicillin, ha feela ba loketse.
• Bacitracin. Lebitso la lona le tsoa ho ngoanana eo libaktheria tseo a entsoeng ka tsona a tsoang ho tibia: Tracy. Ts'ebeliso ea eona e khuts'oane ebile e kantle, hobane e kotsi ho liphio, empa e na le thuso khahlanong le libaktheria tse nang le grama tse maqeba le lisele tsa 'mele. Ke e 'ngoe ea lithibela-mafu tse ikarabellang ho fetisisa bakeng sa ponahalo ea mefuta e matla le e hanang ho itšireletsa.
• Doxycycline. Ke ea tetracyclines, e thusang khahlanong le libaktheria tse nang le gram tse ntle le tse mpe, 'me e sebelisoa khafetsa khahlanong le pneumonia, makhopho, syphilis, lefu la Lyme le malaria.
• Clofazimine. E hlophisitsoe ka 1954 khahlano le lefuba, leo e sa sebetseng hantle ho lona, ​​mme ea e-ba e mong oa baemeli ba ka sehloohong khahlanong le lepera.
• Pyrazinamide. Hammoho le lithethefatsi tse ling, ke kalafo ea mantlha ea lefuba.
• Sulfadiazine. Haholo-holo e laetsoe khahlano le tšoaetso ea mosese, hammoho le toxoplasmosis, ke ts'ebeliso e bobebe kaha e hlahisa litla-morao tse kang vertigo, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, letshollo le anorexia.
• Colistin. E sebetsa hantle khahlano le li-bacilli tsohle tsa gram negative le khahlanong le libaktheria tsa polyresistant joalo ka Pseudomonas aeruginosa kapa Acinetobacter, ho fetola ho kenella ha lera la sele ea bona. Leha ho le joalo, e ka ba le litlamorao tsa neuro le nephrotoxic.