The alkynes kapa li-hydrocarbon tsa acetylenic ba li-hydrocarbon tse khetholloang ka ho ba teng ha carbon-carbon bond bond. Li-alkynes tse se nang cyclic li arabela molekong oa molek'hule CnH2n-2. Ba na le degree ea ho thehwa le ho feta ea alkenes.
Har'a thepa ea lik'hemik'hale ea alkynes e totobatsa taba ea hore ba metsoako e tlaase ea polarity, ka hona ha e kenelle ka metsing, empa e qhibiliha ka mokhoa o itekanetseng ka li-solvent tse tloaelehileng tse kang ether, benzene kapa carbon tetrachloride.
Theho belisa le ho qhibiliha tsa alkynes li ts'oana haholo le tsa li-alkanes kapa li-alkene tsa nomoro ea khabone e lekanang. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, phello ho li-constantsing tsena tsa 'mele, tse nang le palo ea likhabo le boteng ba makala ketaneng (e fetohang ka lehlakoreng le le leng), e ea bonahala.
Alkyne e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ke acetylene, ba latela propylene (kapa ntlha) le butino, e ka bang 1-butyne (tlamo e hararo qetellong ea molek'hule) kapa 2-butyne (tlamo e hararo bohareng ba molek'hule). Ba bararo ke likhase; ba nang le palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea liathomo tsa carbon ba maro kapa tiile.
E ts'oana le li-alkene, litlamo tse tharo tse khethollang li-alkynes li ba fa tsona ts'ebetso e kholo ea lik'hemik'hale lintho tsena mme li li etsa hore li sekametse ho etseng liphetoho (hydrogen, halogen, metsi, jj.) le tse ling. Leha ho le joalo, litlamo tse tharo tse kopanyang athomo e le 'ngoe ea khabone le e' ngoe ha li lekane: se seng sa tsona (se bitsoang sigma bond) se matla ebile se sebetsa e le sona se ikarabellang mokhatlong oa basebetsi. Motsoako o hlahisoang o ka ba le litlamo tse habeli kapa litlamo tse le 'ngoe feela.
Metsoako e nang le tlamo e hararo pheletsong e 'ngoe ea ketane e bitsoa terminal alkynes; metsoako tsena li tšoauoa ka acidity bona tšoauoa. Ebile, terminal alkynes ke li-hydrocarbon tse bonolo ho fetisisa tse nang le asiti. Bolelele lipakeng tsa liathomo tsa khabone ka tlamo ke li-amstrong tsa 1.20 (tse khuts'oane ho feta tsa alkenes -1.34 amstrongs- le tsa alkanes -1.54 amstrongs─). Li-bond tsa carbon-carbon tse le 'ngoe, tse habeli le hararo li ka lula molek'huleng e le' ngoe. Ha sena se etsahala, hydrocarbon e bitsoa alkyne mme boemo ba tlamo e habeli bo bonts'oa ka "ene" e qetellang, ee kenya moo ho loketseng
Mehlala ea alkynes e thathamisitsoe ka tlase:
- ethyne (acetylene)
- ntlha
- 2- pentine
- 2-butyne
- 1-butyne
- Mphalane 3
- 2-nonino
- Methyl acetylene
- Ethyl acetylene
- 1-ene-4-hexyne
- Propyl acetylene
- Terbutyl acetylene
- 6,6-diethyl-4-noniino
- 5,6-dimethyl-3-heptin
- 3,3-diethyl-3,5-nonadiino
- cyclobutine
- 3-ethyl -5-ethynylhepta-1,6-diino
- 5-methyl-2-hexyne
- 3,5,7-decatriino
- 6-methyl-2,4-heptadiino
