Litaba
The mahlatse ke metsoako e nang le li-bond tsa khabone le khabone habeli, e arabelang mofuteng oa limolek'hule CnH2n; Li-alkenes tse sa tloaelehang li boetse li bitsoa li-olefin 'me li tsamaellana le sehlopha sa li-hydrocarbon aliphatics e sa lekanyetsoang, ea bohlokoa tlhahiso ea peterole.
Ho na le liketane tse khutšoane, tse mahareng kapa tse telele; Ho boetse ho na le li-cyclic alkenes kapa li-cycloalkenes mme ho bile ho na le li-alkene kahare ho metsoako ea manyolo.
Themahlanya, ho ba le carbon-carbon bond habeli, na le haedrojene e nyane ho feta alkane ka palo e lekanang ea liathomo tsa khabone. Boemo ba bonto e habeli bo bontšoa ka ho kenya pele ho sehlomathiso "-eno"Selelekela sa Selatine se bonts'ang palo ea khabone moo tlamahano e habeli e qalang teng (tetra, penta, octa, jj.); Li-substituents (hangata chlorine, bromine, ethyl, methyl, jj) li bitsoa li-prefixes (qalong ea lebitso), li hlalositsoe ka tatellano le ka tatellano.
Tlhokomeliso: Ha ho nahanoa hore na lebitso la lik'hemik'hale le rarahane ho latela litekanyetso tsa IUPAC le ka ba thata hakae, li-alkenes tse ngata tsa tlhaho li na le mabitso a majabajaba, hangata a amanang le mohloli oa tsona oa tlhaho.
The mahlatse ho fihlela ho li-carbone tse 'ne likhase ka mocheso oa kamore, ba nang le li-carbone tse 4 ho isa ho tse 18 ba joalo maro le tse telele ka ho fetisisa li tiile. Li qhibilihile ka har'a lintho tse qhibilihang tse kang ether kapa joala, 'me li teteane hanyane ho feta li-alkanes tse tsamaellanang, leha li na le ntlha e qhibilihang e tlase le ntlha e belang. Ka lebaka la tsitsipano e hlahisoang ke tlamo e habeli, sebaka se lipakeng tsa liathomo tsa khabone ke li-angstroms tse 1.34 ka har'a alkene, le li-angstroms tse 1.50 ho alkane e tsamaellanang.
Ba hlahisa mofuta oa reactivity e phahameng haholo ho feta alkanes, hantle hobane e na le litlamo tse habeli, tse ka robehang mme tsa lumella ho eketsoa ha liathomo tse ling, hangata hydrogen kapa halogen. Ba ka ba le boiphihlelo oxidation le polymerization. Hangata li-alkenes li na le cis-trans isomerism kapa stereoisomerism, kaha liathomo tsa khabone tse hokahantsoeng ke tlamo e habeli li ke ke tsa potoloha 'me sena se hlahisa lifofane tse fapaneng. Li-alkene tse nang le litlamo tse peli tse habeli li bitsoa diene, 'me tse nang le litlamo tse fetang tse peli hangata li bitsoa polyene.
Ka semela lefatše li-alkene li ngata haholo ebile li na le likarolo tsa bohlokoa haholo 'meleng, joalo ka taolo ea ts'ebetso ea ho butsoa ha litholoana kapa ho sefa ha mahlaseli a itseng a letsatsi. Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale sa li-alkene tsa manyolo hangata se rarahane ebile se kenyelletsa liketane tsa khabone le mehele. Litholoana tse ling tse kang lihoete kapa tamati, le tse ling tsa crustaceans tse kang makhala, li hlahisa bongata ba beta carotene, alkene ea bohlokoa eo e leng selelekela sa vithamine A.
Mehlala ea li-alkenes
| Ethylene kapa ethene | 2-methyl propene |
| Cholesterol | 5,6-dimethyl-3-propyl-heptene |
| Butadiene | cycloocta-1,3,5,7-tetraene |
| Lycopene | tetrafluoroethylene |
| Geraniol | 5-bromo-3-methyl-3-hexene |
| Limonene | Rhodopsin |
| Monyetla | Propene kapa propylene |
| Butene | 7,7,8-trimethyl-3,5-nonadiene |
| Lanosterol | 3,3 diethyl-1,4-hexadiene |
| Khamphor | Mentofuran |
E ka u sebeletsa:
- Mehlala ea Alkanes
- Mehlala ea Li-hydrocarbon
- Mehlala ea Alkynes
